SW Projects, Tools and Applications Topic requires or is enhanced by some other topic Resource description Name of people who have contributed to this resource Resource Identifier eg. URL Ttile of the resource; eg. title of topic Metadata Extraction Topics used in tasks, for eg. Annotation is used in Semantic Web Portals http://www.bigblogzoo.com/ The BigBlogZoo is a rich source of current categorized information from all over the world. heuristic question answering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_networks Knowledge Representation library classification OWL http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ OWL is an acronym for Web Ontology Language, a markup language for publishing and sharing data using ontologies on the Internet. OWL is a vocabulary extension of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and is derived from the DAML+OIL Web Ontology Language. Together with RDF and other components, these tools make up the Semantic Web project. Loom http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/RKF/km.html Web Ontology Language KM, the Knowledge Machine, is a frame-based language used for knowledge representation work. http://www.cyc.com/cycdoc/ref/cycl-syntax.html CycL is a declarative language used by Doug Lenat's Cyc Artificial Intelligence project. Ramanathan V. Guha was instrumental in the design of the language. There is a close variant of CycL known as MELD. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CycL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_in_computer_science Spatial reasoning Logic Programming The term Knowledge Representation (KR) is most commonly used to refer to representations intended for processing by modern computers, and particularly for representations consisting of explicit objects (the class of all elephants, or Clyde a certain individual), and of assertions or claims about them ('Clyde is an elephant', or 'all elephants are grey'). Representing knowledge in such explicit form enables computers to draw conclusions from knowledge already stored ('Clyde is grey'). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation information processing Artificial Intelligence Pattern Recognition Computer Vision Weka is a suite of machine learning software written in Java at the University of Waikato which implements several machine learning algorithms from various learning paradigms Weka http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ Machine Learning bioinformatics Knowledge-Discovery in Databases Data Mining is the process of automatically searching large volumes of data for patterns. http://gate.ac.uk/ KDD Java Data Mining Java Data Mining (JDM) is a standard Java API for developing data mining applications and tools. JDM defines an object model and Java API for data mining objects and processes. http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=247 Data Mining http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/lib/download/HSK02-SEE.pdf Mapping Ontology Population Ontology Creation Mapping, Translation, Alignment Data integration is the problem of combining data residing at different sources and providing the user with a unified view of these data Data Integration Enterprise Integration Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is defined as the uses of software and computer systems architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications. Enterprise Application Integration EAI The process of representing matches between objects in an executable manner http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/middleware/ Project investigating fundamental issues in entity/relationship extraction, disambiguation (matching & mapping) and annotation. Semantic Middleware Mapping Matching, Alignment, Translation http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/ Applying Semantics in Annotation, Quality of Service, Discovery, Composition, Execution METEOR-S Semantic Web Services and Processes The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is an open forum engaged in the development of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models. http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core Metadata The KIM Platform: Semantic Annotation http://www.ontotext.com/kim/semanticannotation.html Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments http://simile.mit.edu/ SIMILE is a joint project conducted by the W3C, MIT Libraries, and MIT CSAIL. SIMILE seeks to enhance inter-operability among digital assets, schemata/vocabularies/ontologies, metadata, and services. http://www.basistech.com/products/ The WikiProject "Semantic MediaWiki" provides a common platform for discussing extensions of the MediaWiki software that allow for simple, machine-based processing of Wiki content. http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki Data Querying BRAHMS BRAHMS is designed as a fast main-memory RDF/S storage, capable of storing, accessing and querying large ontologies. It does not used any DB backend and all data is kept in main memory. It is implemented in C++ for high performance and strict memory control. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/brahms Query languages and models that support querying and retrieval of data. http://jena.sourceforge.net/ http://jena.sourceforge.net/ Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine. http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ SPARQL (recursively, SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is a Semantic Web candidate recommendation presently (as of 2006) undergoing standardization by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium. SPARQL search applications Information retrieval (IR) is the art and science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata which describe documents, or searching within databases, whether relational stand-alone databases or hypertext networked databases such as the Internet or intranets, for text, sound, images or data. There is a common confusion, however, between data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, and each of these have their own bodies of literature, theory, praxis and technologies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_retrieval Information Retrieval Semantic Discovery: Discovering Complex Relationships in Semantic Web http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/ http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/56/Semantic-Discovery-Discovering-Complex-Relationships-in-Semantic-Web Data models for the efficient storage of data http://www.openrdf.org/ Sesame is an open source RDF database with support for RDF Schema inferencing and querying. Data Storage Redland RDF Application Framework http://librdf.org/ Redland is a set of free software libraries that provide support for the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Graph Partitioning Data Indexing An index is a feature in a database that allows quick access to the rows in a table. The index is created using one or more columns of the table. Not only is the index smaller than the original table (due to having fewer columns), but it is optimized for quick searching, usually via a balanced tree. Joseki is an HTTP and SOAP engine supports the SPARQL Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. http://www.joseki.org/ KAON application integration context is the circumstances under which some information is being used Context Reference reconciliation Disambiguation Entity Extraction http://data.cs.washington.edu/semex/reconciliation_sigmod.pdf Conflict resolution Reconciling multiple references to the same entity or identifying the correct reference to an entity Integration of data sources Semantic Annotation Semantic Similarity Semantic closeness Semantic similarity is a concept whereby a set of documents or terms within term lists are assigned a metric based on the likeness of their meaning / semantic content. Semantic proximity Semantic nearness Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and linguistics. It studies the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages. Natural language generation systems convert information from computer databases into normal-sounding human language, and natural language understanding systems convert samples of human language into more formal representations that are easier for computer programs to manipulate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Extraction Data stewardship is the process of managing information necessary to support program and financial managers, and ensuring that data captured and reported is accurate, accessible, timely, and usable for decisionmaking and activity monitoring. Data Stewardship http://www.almaden.ibm.com/webfountain/resources/semtag.pdf Enterprise Content Management Annotation http://www.flickr.com/ http://www.mindswap.org/2003/PhotoStuff/ Amblit Navigator is the next generation information and internet browser and content manager. With a simple, robust interface, notes, documents files and programs can be logically linked and fully searched. Amblit Navigator http://www.amblit.com/products/AmblitNavigator.html http://haystack.lcs.mit.edu/ Haystack http://del.icio.us/ Ajax is a Web development technique for creating interactive web applications. The intent is to make web pages feel more responsive by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes, so that the entire Web page does not have to be reloaded each time the user makes a change. This is meant to increase the Web page's interactivity, speed, and usability. Semantic Web Portals Annotation Web Page Annotation Smart Browsing Knowledge Markup http://www.mindswap.org/2005/SMORE/ SMORE SMORE - Create OWL Markup for HTML Web Pages Magpie - The Semantic Filter Magpie uses our ontology infrastructure to semantically markup web documents on-the-fly. http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/magpie/main.html http://sourceforge.net/projects/kml KML is a free initiative to implement Knowledge Markup Language and the framework. Advanced model is used to represent knowledge as a set of statements. Knowledge Markup Language KML Anaphora resolution In linguistics, coreference is the phenomenon where two expressions in an utterance both refer to the same thing. Coreference resolution Semantic Extraction Information Extraction from semi-structured data Information extraction (IE) is a type of information retrieval whose goal is to automatically extract structured or semistructured information from unstructured machine-readable documents. http://www.mindswap.org/~golbeck/downloads/ocra.shtml OCRA: the Ontology CRAwler recognition of entity names (for people and organizations), place names, temporal expressions, and certain types of numerical expressions. NER Named Entity Recognition Business Intelligence Pattern recognition is a field within the area of machine learning. Alternatively, it can be defined as "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data" [1]. As such, it is a collection of methods for supervised learning. Pattern Recognition Dealing with uncertainty is crucial in ontology engineering tasks such as domain modeling, ontology reasoning, and concept mapping between ontologies. The Bayes OWL project addresses this problem by exploring how uncertainty can be modeled in ontologies using Bayesian networks (BN). http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/59/Bayes-OWL http://yale.cs.uni-dortmund.de/ YALE is an environment for machine learning experiments and data mining. YALE Machine learning is concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques, which allow computers to "learn". search engines Data Mining Knowledge discovery AI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence Game Theory Computational Intelligence CI Computational intelligence (CI) is a branch of the study of artificial intelligence. Computational intelligence research aims to use learning, adaptive, or evolutionary computation to create programs that are, in some sense, intelligent. Fuzzy Systems Fuzzy systems is an alternative to traditional notions of set membership and logic that has its origins in ancient Greek philosophy, and applications at the leading edge of Artificial Intelligence. expert systems Automatic_Ontology_Extraction The Ontology Extraction & Maintenance Framework Text-To-Onto http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cache/papers/cs/24981/http:zSzzSzwww.csc.calpoly.eduzSz~fkurfesszSzEventszSzDM-KM-01zSzVolz.pdf/the-ontology-extraction-maintenance.pdf Index generation Document Classification Ontology Extraction problem solving http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/ Loom is a knowledge representation language developed by researchers in the Artificial Intelligence research group at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. The Loom project's goal is the development and fielding of advanced tools for knowledge representation and reasoning in Artificial Intelligence. Dynamic Web process composition Service oriented computing An automatic or semi-automatic process of composing Web services to achieve user-specified goals. Semantic Grid Computing Grid computing is an emerging computing model that provides the ability to perform higher throughput computing by taking advantage of many networked computers to model a virtual computer architecture that is able to distribute process execution across a parallel infrastructure. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semgrid/ SemGrid: Semantic Discovery on Adaptive Services Grid Support for semantics requires the ability to extract semantic metadata and create semantic associations, process large amount of metadata leading to better search, integration and analysis. SemGrid project is a collaboration between two complementary research efforts funded by EC and NSF, respectively: the Adaptive Services Grid project (ASG) funded by FP6-IST addresses composition, adoption, and distribution aspects of semantically described services, while the Semantic Discovery (SemDis) project funded by NSF-ITR addresses the synergistic semantic and analytical aspects. Distributed computing is decentralised and parallel computing, using two or more computers communicating over a network to accomplish a common objective or task. Distributed Computing Semantic Grid Grid Computing Streaming XML Parsing The Streaming API for XML (StAX) is the new generation of XML APIs in Java. StAX is based on the so-called pull model in which an application queries the parser for the next parsing event, but never surrenders control to the parser during the process. OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=xacml http://csrc.nist.gov/rbac/ HL7 Role Based Access Control HL7 Security Committee http://www.hl7.org/ role based security http://csrc.nist.gov/rbac/ http://webster.cs.uga.edu/~tartir/pubs/OntoQA.pdf http://www.bnowack.de/w3photo/pages/owlchestra_screenshots W3Photo Link Analysis national security applications Brainboost, Using the AnswerRank-- system, intelligently reads hundreds of web pages derived from search results and extracts just the short and concise answer to your question Brainboose Answer Engine http://www.brainboost.com/ Visualizing of knowledge in an ontology TGVizTab http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~ha/TGVizTab/ TGVizTab is a plugin for Progégé which allows visualizing ontologies using the TouchGraph library. RDF Gravity is a tool for visualising RDF/OWL Graphs/ ontologies. http://semweb.salzburgresearch.at/apps/rdf-gravity/index.html RDF Gravity http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semvis/OntoVista/ OntoVista OntoVista is an ontology visualization tool, with unique capabilities related to complex (representationally rich) biological and biochemical ontologies. OwlViz http://www.co-ode.org/downloads/owlviz/ http://www.mindswap.org/2004/SWOOP/ A Hypermedia-based Featherweight OWL Ontology Editor SWOOP http://www.thechiselgroup.org/jambalaya Jambalaya is a plug-in created for Protégé which uses SHriMP to visualize the knowledge bases the user has created. Jambalaya OntoViz http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/ontoviz/ontoviz.html The OntoViz Tab allows you to visualize Protégé ontologies with the help of highly sophisticated graph visualization software Scientific modelling Graph Drawing Information visualization are branches of computer graphics and user interface which are concerned with the presentation of interactive or animated digital images to users to understand data. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_visualization Information Visualization visual analytics Cuadro Semantic Photo Sharing http://www.cs.uga.edu/~mendes/csci8350/cuadro/about.html Cuadro is a semantic photo sharing community. This means much more than just holding a digital image in a server and showing it on a web browser for users. Cuadro intuitive photo sharing system helps the user to describe the meaning of the photo contents, allowing for organizing and searching pictures based on the meaning of its contents, not only on the name the user gave it. Certification Of Ontologies The evaluation of ontologies based on their structure, evolution or intended use. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~ocorcho/documents/AIAI2004_CorchoEtAl_Evaluation.pdf Evaluation-Guided Revision Of Ontologies http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~i2k/tmp/iswc2005/papers/3729/37290716.pdf http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/matchmaker/ OWL-S/UDDI Matchmaker OWL-S Intergrated Development Environment http://projects.semwebcentral.org/projects/owl-s-ide/ A expression of authorization criteria, for the purpose of Web service discovery, using a access control ontology. Authorization Prediction Semantic Access Control in Web Services http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/downloads/index.php?page=1 The Radiant plugin provides a UI for annotating existing WSDL documents into WSDL-S via an OWL Ontology. Radiant WSDL-S Annotation Tool Siene - Semantic Web Services http://www.telin.nl/projecthome.cfm?language=en&id=155 memeta Weblogs, or blogs, have become an important new way to publish information, engage in discussions and form communities. The memeta project is developing a framework for representing and studying the structure and content of communities of blogs. http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/68/memeta A web application that brings together two or more currently existing web applications and has value add not only through the combination of these applications but through the adding of semantics. Discovering REST Services gnowsis http://www.gnowsis.org/ This is the Semantic Desktop environment published by the Knowledge Management Lab of the DFKI. Gnowsis can be used in research projects or by interested individuals to benefit from Semantic Web technologies. AnswerBus Question Answering System http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml AnswerBus is an open-domain question answering system based on sentence level information retrieval. It accepts users' natural-language questions in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese and extracts possible answers from the Web. Question answering (QA) is a type of information retrieval. Given a collection of documents (such as the World Wide Web or a local collection) the system should be able to retrieve answers to questions posed in natural language. QA is regarded as requiring more complex natural language processing (NLP) techniques than other types of information retrieval such as document retrieval, and it is sometimes regarded as the next step beyond search engines. Keyword-based Spire is a distributed, interdisciplinary research project exploring the use of semantic web technologies in support science in general and the field of ecoinformatics in particular. http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/9/Spire Spire MANETs Process validation Pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a given pattern. Pattern Matching A naive Bayes classifier (also known as Idiot's Bayes) is a simple probabilistic classifier. Naive Bayes classifiers are based on probability models that incorporate strong independence assumptions which often have no bearing in reality, hence are (deliberately) naive. Naive Bayes Classifier Idiot's Bayes Glycan Data Exchange http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/library/resources/index.php?page=4 The application of Semantic Web techniques in life sciences. It includes the ontology development to model specific domains and use of SOA approach (using Semantic Web services) for application development. http://cell.ccrc.uga.edu/world/glycomics/glycomics.php The DIP database catalogs experimentally determined interactions between proteins. It combines information from a variety of sources to create a single, consistent set of protein-protein interactions. Database of Interacting Proteins http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/ http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/index.cfm The process of building intelligent Knowledge-based systems is called knowledge engineering (KE). It has a great deal in common with software engineering, and is related to many other areas such as databases, data mining, expert systems, decision support systems and geographic information systems. Knowledge engineering is also related to the field of logic (reasoning) as the knowledge produced by the systems built often have content that is structured by our understanding of how human reasoning or logic works. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_engineering Ontology Engineering Knowledge Engineering Protégé is a free, open source ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Protégé http://protege.stanford.edu/ Semantic bioinformatics genome, proteome and glycome research At Stanford Medical Informatics http://bioontology.org/index.html A technique in natural language processing, in particular in vectorial semantics Latent semantic analysis Latent Semantic Indexing LSA http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/ http://www.foaf-project.org/ http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/glyco/ http://kaon.semanticweb.org/ KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It includes a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology creation and management and provides a framework for building ontology-based applications. An important focus of KAON is scalable and efficient reasoning with ontologies. http://opengis.net/gml/ Social network analysis (also sometimes called network theory) has emerged as a key technique in modern sociology, anthropology, Social Psychology and organizational studies, as well as a popular topic of speculation and study. network theory http://www.wsmo.org/ Web Services Modeling Ontology The ESSI WSMO working group, part of the ESSI Cluster aligns the research and development efforts in the areas of Semantic Web Services between the SEKT, DIP Knowledge Web, and ASG research projects. Associating metadata (semantic or syntactic) with images to assist in a more intuitive sharing of images Image Annotation Semantic Image Annotation Planning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STRIPS In artificial intelligence, STRIPS (Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver) is an automated planner invented by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing automated planning problem instances in use today Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver Workflow composition Automated planning and scheduling is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realisation of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Resources http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/stamant/planning-resources.html AI Planning term frequency-inverse document frequency The tf-idf weight (term frequency-inverse document frequency) is a weight often used in information retrieval and text mining. This weight is a statistical measure used to evaluate how important a word is to a document. tf-idf Support vector machines (SVMs) are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Their common factor is the use of a technique known as the "kernel trick" to apply linear classification techniques to non-linear classification problems. Support vector machine SVM Is a Content aware or Application Oriented Network Application Oriented Networks Semantic Networks Is a Content aware or Application Oriented Network The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and its domain ontologies form the largest formal public ontology in existence today. They are being used for research and applications in search, linguistics and reasoning. Suggested Upper Merged Ontology http://www.ontologyportal.org/ SUMO Graph Mining Graph mining is a special case of Structured Data Mining. mining structured data Online Social Networking Applications of Online Semantic Networks A folksonomy is a collaboratively generated, open-ended labeling system that enables Internet users to categorize content such as Web pages, online photographs, and Web links. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy Folksonomy Social Networks A social network is a social structure made of nodes which are generally individuals or organizations. It indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds Word Net http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ WordNet® is an online lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current psycholinguistic theories of human lexical memory. Autonomic Computing This new paradigm shifts the fundamental definition of the technology age from one of computing, to one defined by data. Access to data from multiple, distributed sources, in addition to traditional centralized storage devices will allow users to transparently access information when and where they need it. At the same time, this new view of computing will necessitate changing the industry's focus on processing speed and storage to one of developing distributed networks that are largely self-managing, self-diagnostic, and transparent to the user. http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/overview/solution.html AWPs are self aware, self configur-ing, self optimizing and self healing processes that interact with the environment based on user specified policies. Autonomic_web_processes AWPs http://www.semanticwebcenter.org.uk/ Transatlantic Research Center for the Semantic Web and XML Technologies TC4SW Adaptive_Web_Processes_Composition Extends static information web service composition procedures Composition of web services using dynamic information to enhance process decision making. Policy Management for Enterprise Applications http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/72/Policy-Management-for-Enterprise-Applications This project explores the role of policy management in enterprise applications Geospatial Semantic Annotation Semantic document classification Document classification is a problem in information science. The task is to assign an electronic document to one or more categories, based on its contents. Document Classification