Technique SW Projects, Tools and Applications Topic requires or is enhanced by some other topic Topics used in tasks, for eg. Annotation is used in Semantic Web Portals http://www.bigblogzoo.com/ The BigBlogZoo is a rich source of current categorized information from all over the world. BigBlogZoo Hierarchical Semi-Markov Decision Processes Dynamic Web process composition Neural Networks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_networks Knowledge Representation KR library classification OWL http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ OWL is an acronym for Web Ontology Language, a markup language for publishing and sharing data using ontologies on the Internet. OWL is a vocabulary extension of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and is derived from the DAML+OIL Web Ontology Language. Together with RDF and other components, these tools make up the Semantic Web project. Web Ontology Language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_answering heuristic question answering The Knowledge Machine KM KM - The Knowledge Machine http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/km.html KM, the Knowledge Machine, is a frame-based language used for knowledge representation work. http://www.cyc.com/cycdoc/ref/cycl-syntax.html CycL is a declarative language used by Doug Lenat's Cyc Artificial Intelligence project. Ramanathan V. Guha was instrumental in the design of the language. There is a close variant of CycL known as MELD. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CycL CycL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_in_computer_science Logic Logic programming Spatial reasoning Propositional Logic Logics The term Knowledge Representation (KR) is most commonly used to refer to representations intended for processing by modern computers, and particularly for representations consisting of explicit objects (the class of all elephants, or Clyde a certain individual), and of assertions or claims about them ('Clyde is an elephant', or 'all elephants are grey'). Representing knowledge in such explicit form enables computers to draw conclusions from knowledge already stored ('Clyde is grey'). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation Knowledge Discovery Knowledge Discovery is the process of automatically searching large volumes of data for patterns such as association rules Discovering Complex Relationships in Semantic Web supports indexing and querying of complex semantic relationships and is driven by notions of information trust and provenance and models of hypotheses and arguments under investigation. Semantic Discovery http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/ SemDis http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/56/Semantic-Discovery-Discovering-Complex-Relationships-in-Semantic-Web KDD Complex relationships which capture connectivity and similarity of entities in a knowledge base Semantic Discovery Semantic associations information processing Artificial Intelligence AI BPEL4WS Business Process Execution Language for Web Services provides a means to formally specify business processes and interaction protocols. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-bpel/ WS-BPEL Workflow management systems BPM is the science of composing, orchestrating, validating, monitoring and optimizing business processes. Websphere Process Server www.ibm.com/software/integration/wps/ commercial implementation by IBM and is a part of Websphere suite This an open source implementation of the WS-BPEL specification by Active End points. Active BPEL www.activebpel.org/ Business Process Management YAWL Yet Another Workflow Language Yet Another Workflow Language http://www.yawl.fit.qut.edu.au/ BPM SOA is a new paradigm in software engineering that emphasizes on a standard/specification driven towards realizing a loosely coupled distributed computing infrastructure. The SOA philosophy also is driven by interface and component driven approaches to software development. Service Oriented Architecture Open standard (XML, SOAP, etc.) based Web applications that interact with other web applications for the purpose of exchanging data. http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/ Web Service OWL-S OWL/S OWL-S is a OWL-based Web service ontology, which supplies Web service providers with a core set of markup language constructs for describing the properties and capabilities of their Web services in unambiguous, computer-intepretable form. Web Services http://www.wsmo.org/ WSMO Web Services Modeling Ontology The ESSI WSMO working group, part of the ESSI Cluster aligns the research and development efforts in the areas of Semantic Web Services between the SEKT, DIP Knowledge Web, and ASG research projects. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/ Applying Semantics in Annotation, Quality of Service, Discovery, Composition, Execution METEOR-S http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language UML The Unified Modeling Language - UML - is OMG's most-used specification, and the way the world models not only application structure, behavior, and architecture, but also business process and data structure Unified Modeling Language Business Process modeling Business process modeling is an activity performed by business analysts within a company. Analysts use modeling tools to depict both the current state of an enterprise and the desired future state Web Services Composition Process Composition workflows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workflow workflow OWL-S IDE OWL-S Intergrated Development Environment http://projects.semwebcentral.org/projects/owl-s-ide/ Semantic Web Process http://projects.semwebcentral.org/projects/owl-s-uddi-mm/ OWL-S UDDI Matchmaker Process Patterns Process composition focusses on various aspects of automated and semi-automated approaches to composing web processes or workflows on the web. Pattern Recognition Computer Vision Weka is a suite of machine learning software written in Java at the University of Waikato which implements several machine learning algorithms from various learning paradigms Weka http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ Machine Learning statistical techniques statistics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics bioinformatics Data Mining is the process of automatically searching large volumes of data for patterns. Text Mining GATE http://gate.ac.uk/ General Architecture for Text Engineering Natural Language Processing and Text engineering Java Data Mining Java Data Mining (JDM) is a standard Java API for developing data mining applications and tools. JDM defines an object model and Java API for data mining objects and processes. http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=247 Machine Learning Approaches Data Mining Semantic Enhancement Engine http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/lib/download/HSK02-SEE.pdf Information Extraction from structured data http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/middleware/ Project investigating fundamental issues in entity/relationship extraction, disambiguation (matching & mapping) and annotation. Semantic Middleware http://www.cs.toronto.edu/db/clio/introduction.html Schema mapping tool CLIO Matching grammar based Techniques Schema matching Data integration is the problem of combining data residing at different sources and providing the user with a unified view of these data Data Integration Transformations Generic schema matching CUPID research.microsoft.com/~philbe/CupidVLDB01.pdf The process of representing matches between objects in an executable manner Schema mapping Mapping Process Execution Ontology mapping The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is an open forum engaged in the development of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models. http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core Metadata Dublin Core KIM http://www.ontotext.com/kim/semanticannotation.html KIM Platform for Semantic Annotation Knowledge and Information Management http://simile.mit.edu/ SIMILE is a joint project conducted by the W3C, MIT Libraries, and MIT CSAIL. SIMILE seeks to enhance inter-operability among digital assets, schemata/vocabularies/ontologies, metadata, and services. SIMILE Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments Dublin Rosette Linguistics Platform http://www.basistech.com/products/ The WikiProject "Semantic MediaWiki" provides a common platform for discussing extensions of the MediaWiki software that allow for simple, machine-based processing of Wiki content. http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki Semantic MediaWiki Metadata Management Data Querying Query Planning BRAHMS BRAHMS is designed as a fast main-memory RDF/S storage, capable of storing, accessing and querying large ontologies. It does not used any DB backend and all data is kept in main memory. It is implemented in C++ for high performance and strict memory control. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/brahms Query languages and models that support querying and retrieval of data. http://jena.sourceforge.net/ JENA Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine. SPARQL (recursively, SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is a Semantic Web candidate recommendation presently (as of 2006) undergoing standardization by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ SPARQL search applications Information retrieval (IR) is the art and science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata which describe documents, or searching within databases, whether relational stand-alone databases or hypertext networked databases such as the Internet or intranets, for text, sound, images or data. There is a common confusion, however, between data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, and each of these have their own bodies of literature, theory, praxis and technologies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_retrieval IR Information Retrieval Data models for the efficient storage of data http://www.openrdf.org/ Sesame Sesame is an open source RDF database with support for RDF Schema inferencing and querying. Data Storage Redland RDF Application Framework http://librdf.org/ Redland is a set of free software libraries that provide support for the Resource Description Framework (RDF). RedLand RDF Graph Partitioning Graph Partitioning Data Indexing An index is a feature in a database that allows quick access to the rows in a table. The index is created using one or more columns of the table. Not only is the index smaller than the original table (due to having fewer columns), but it is optimized for quick searching, usually via a balanced tree. Joseki is an HTTP and SOAP engine supports the SPARQL Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. http://www.joseki.org/ Joseki application integration Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is defined as the uses of software and computer systems architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications. Enterprise Application Integration Ontology Matching iMAP http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~anhai/projects/schema-matching.html schema and ontology matching Probabilistic techniques Ontology Maintenance Maintaining different versions of ontologies as they evolve with time, changing real world facts etc. Collection of data integration projects http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/~pziegler/IntegrationProjects.html Data Integration Projects OpenLink Virtuoso http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/ WebSphere http://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/integration/ IBM WebSphere Information Integration IBM WebSphere Data Integration TSIMMIS The goal of the TSIMMIS Project is to develop tools that facilitate the rapid integration of heterogeneous information sources that may include both structured and semistructured data. The Stanford-IBM Manager of Multiple Information Sources. http://infolab.stanford.edu/tsimmis/ Information Integration Data integration is the problem of combining data residing at different sources and providing the user with a unified view of these data http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/garlic/ The goal of Garlic is to enable large-scale multimedia information systems: large scale in that they involve lots of data with multimedia taken as broadly as possible to mean data of many types. Garlic Graph based techniques Ontology alignment Matching is the process which takes two schemas as input and produces a mapping between elements of the two schemas that correspond semantically to each other Keyword based contexts context is the circumstances under which some information is being used Context Relationship based similarity Relationship based calculation of similarity between entities of interest Disambiguation Set Theory Similarity Entity Extraction http://data.cs.washington.edu/semex/reconciliation_sigmod.pdf Reference Reconciliation in Complex Information Spaces Clustering Clustering is a nonlinear activity that generates ideas, images and feelings around a stimulus word. As students cluster, their thoughts tumble out, enlarging their word bank for writing and often enabling them to see patterns in their ideas. Clustering may be a class or an individual activity. Information Theory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory Reconciling multiple references to the same entity or identifying the correct reference to an entity Word Sense Disambiguation Semantic annotation is information about what entities appear in a text and where they do. The references from the text are potentially to a semantic repository, containing further knowledge. - KIM Seeker SemTag http://www.almaden.ibm.com/webfountain/resources/semtag.pdf SemTag and Seeker Enterprise Content Management Semantically Annotating NLP Natural Language Processing Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and linguistics. It studies the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages. Natural language generation systems convert information from computer databases into normal-sounding human language, and natural language understanding systems convert samples of human language into more formal representations that are easier for computer programs to manipulate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Annotation Semantic Annotation stochastic stochastic techniques http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic Photo Sharing Website Flickr http://www.flickr.com/ Semantic Image Annotation Image Annotation PhotoStuff http://www.mindswap.org/2003/PhotoStuff/ An Image Annotation Tool for the Semantic Web Amblit Navigator is the next generation information and internet browser and content manager. With a simple, robust interface, notes, documents files and programs can be logically linked and fully searched. Amblit Amblit Navigator http://www.amblit.com/products/AmblitNavigator.html http://haystack.lcs.mit.edu/ Haystack The Haystack Project is investigating approaches designed to let people manage their information in ways that make the most sense to them. http://del.icio.us/ del.icio.us social bookmarking http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semvis/ Semantic Visualization project provides a comprehensive visualization and interactive search and analytics interfaces for exploiting Semantic Web capabilities for all levels of systems architecture. Semantic Visualization AJAX Ajax is a Web development technique for creating interactive web applications. The intent is to make web pages feel more responsive by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes, so that the entire Web page does not have to be reloaded each time the user makes a change. This is meant to increase the Web page's interactivity, speed, and usability. Semantic Browsing NLP techniques Natural Language Processing techniques Semantic Web Portals Web Page Annotation Pattern based techniques Smart Browsing Knowledge Markup http://www.mindswap.org/2005/SMORE/ SMORE SMORE - Create OWL Markup for HTML Web Pages Ontology Based Markup Magpie - The Semantic Filter Magpie uses our ontology infrastructure to semantically markup web documents on-the-fly. http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/magpie/main.html Magpie http://sourceforge.net/projects/kml KML is a free initiative to implement Knowledge Markup Language and the framework. Advanced model is used to represent knowledge as a set of statements. Knowledge Markup Language KML Knowledge Markup in the Semantic Web Disambiguation In linguistics, coreference is the phenomenon where two expressions in an utterance both refer to the same thing. Coreference resolution Instance unification name disambiguation Integration of data sources Semantic Annotation Semantic Similarity Semantic similarity is a concept whereby a set of documents or terms within term lists are assigned a metric based on the likeness of their meaning / semantic content. Extraction Data stewardship is the process of managing information necessary to support program and financial managers, and ensuring that data captured and reported is accurate, accessible, timely, and usable for decisionmaking and activity monitoring. ODP Open Directory Project http://dmoz.org/about.html The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as dmoz (from directory.mozilla.org, its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links owned by Netscape that is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors. Knowledge Management (KM) refers to a range of practices to identify, create, represent, and distribute knowledge for reuse, awareness and learning across the organization. Semantic Web http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web The Semantic Web (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/) is a project that intends to create a universal medium for information exchange by putting documents with computer-processable meaning (semantics) on the World Wide Web. Currently under the direction of the Web's creator, Tim Berners-Lee of the World Wide Web Consortium, the Semantic Web extends the Web through the use of standards, markup languages and related processing tools. FOAF The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) project is creating a Web of machine-readable pages describing people, the links between them and the things they create and do. http://www.foaf-project.org/ Friend of a Friend Social network analysis Social network analysis (also sometimes called network theory) has emerged as a key technique in modern sociology, anthropology, Social Psychology and organizational studies, as well as a popular topic of speculation and study. Online Social Networking http://memeta.umbc.edu/ Weblogs, or blogs, have become an important new way to publish information, engage in discussions and form communities. The memeta project is developing a framework for representing and studying the structure and content of communities of blogs. memeta Applications of Online Semantic Networks Link Analysis national security applications A folksonomy is a collaboratively generated, open-ended labeling system that enables Internet users to categorize content such as Web pages, online photographs, and Web links. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy Folksonomy Tagging Tagging is the process of adding tags to resources. A tag is a (relevant) keyword or term associated with or assigned to a piece of information (like picture, article, or video clip), thus describing the item and enabling keyword-based classification of information it is applied to Social Networks Security Privacy Trust Ontology life cycle Ontology Evolution Ontology Quality Metadata management Certification Of Ontologies OntoQA http://webster.cs.uga.edu/~tartir/pubs/OntoQA.pdf The evaluation of ontologies based on their structure, evolution or intended use. Ontology Evaluation tool www.cs.man.ac.uk/~ocorcho/documents/AIAI2004_CorchoEtAl_Evaluation.pdf ODEval Evaluation-Guided Revision Of Ontologies Ontology Quality Evaluation Ontology Population Automatic Evaluation of Ontologies http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~i2k/tmp/iswc2005/papers/3729/37290716.pdf AEON Ontology Evaluation Provenance http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/sweto/ SWETO Semantic Web Technology Evaluation Ontology (SWETO) comprehensive Proteomics data and process provenance ontology ProPreO http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/propreo/ Information quality A social network is a social structure made of nodes which are generally individuals or organizations. It indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds Semantic Social Networks Knowledge Management Services Science Services science is the science that relates to services, services realization, description and description. Unlike Web services, services science aims to investigate into the entire services spectrum and not just web services. Data Stewardship Information extraction (IE) is a type of information retrieval whose goal is to automatically extract structured or semistructured information from unstructured machine-readable documents. Information Extraction from semi-structured data http://www.mindswap.org/~golbeck/downloads/ocra.shtml OCRA The Ontology Crawler Information Extraction from unstructured data recognition of entity names (for people and organizations), place names, temporal expressions, and certain types of numerical expressions. Entity Identification NER Named Entity Recognition Entity Recognition Business Intelligence Pattern recognition is a field within the area of machine learning. Alternatively, it can be defined as "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data" [1]. As such, it is a collection of methods for supervised learning. Pattern Recognition Bayes OWL Dealing with uncertainty is crucial in ontology engineering tasks such as domain modeling, ontology reasoning, and concept mapping between ontologies. The Bayes OWL project addresses this problem by exploring how uncertainty can be modeled in ontologies using Bayesian networks (BN). http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/59/Bayes-OWL http://yale.cs.uni-dortmund.de/ YALE is an environment for machine learning experiments and data mining. YALE Machine learning is concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques, which allow computers to "learn". search engines Bayesian Networks http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Bayes/bnintro.html Data Mining Knowledge discovery Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science and engineering that deals with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior Game Theory Computational Intelligence Computational intelligence (CI) is a branch of the study of artificial intelligence. Computational intelligence research aims to use learning, adaptive, or evolutionary computation to create programs that are, in some sense, intelligent. Fuzzy Systems Fuzzy systems is an alternative to traditional notions of set membership and logic that has its origins in ancient Greek philosophy, and applications at the leading edge of Artificial Intelligence. expert systems The Ontology Extraction & Maintenance Framework Text-To-Onto http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cache/papers/cs/24981/http:zSzzSzwww.csc.calpoly.eduzSz~fkurfesszSzEventszSzDM-KM-01zSzVolz.pdf/the-ontology-extraction-maintenance.pdf Text To Onto Automatic Ontology Extraction Index generation Document Classification problem solving http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/ Loom or LOOM™ is a knowledge representation language developed by researchers in the Artificial Intelligence research group at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. The Loom project's goal is the development and fielding of advanced tools for knowledge representation and reasoning in Artificial Intelligence. Loom http://www.autonlab.org/tutorials/mdp.html Markov Decision Processes Process Planning Service oriented computing Web Service Annotation Adding semantics to Web service descriptions WSDL-S http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSDL-S/ An automatic or semi-automatic process of composing Web services to achieve user-specified goals. Grid computing is an emerging computing model that provides the ability to perform higher throughput computing by taking advantage of many networked computers to model a virtual computer architecture that is able to distribute process execution across a parallel infrastructure. Semantic Discovery on Adaptive Services Grid http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semgrid/ SemGrid Support for semantics requires the ability to extract semantic metadata and create semantic associations, process large amount of metadata leading to better search, integration and analysis. SemGrid project is a collaboration between two complementary research efforts funded by EC and NSF, respectively: the Adaptive Services Grid project (ASG) funded by FP6-IST addresses composition, adoption, and distribution aspects of semantically described services, while the Semantic Discovery (SemDis) project funded by NSF-ITR addresses the synergistic semantic and analytical aspects. Distributed computing is decentralised and parallel computing, using two or more computers communicating over a network to accomplish a common objective or task. Distributed Computing Grid Computing http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/ Glycomics Web Services Standards Semantic Overlay Networks a browser-based web ontology modeling and publishing tool http://www.bnowack.de/w3photo/pages/owlchestra_screenshots W3Photo OWLCHESTRA Security mechanisms for web services WS-Security http://www.verisign.com/wss/wss.pdf Process Monitoring Mechanism for transfering messages reliably using web services http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-rx/wsrm/200510/wsrm-1.1-spec-cd-02.pdf WS-Reliable_Messaging http://www.w3.org/Submission/ws-addressing/ WS-Addressing Routing and addressing information for Web services Apache Axis2 http://ws.apache.org/axis2/ Next generation of Apache Axis QoS for Web Services Apache Sandesha WS-Reliable messaging implementations for Apache Axis and Axis2 www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-polfram/ WS-Policy WS-Policy provides a general purpose model and syntax to describe and communicate the policies of a Web service. http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/dw/specs/ws-polfram/ws-policy-2006-03-01.pdf WS-Security policy QoS policy expression language for Web service security http://www.verisign.com/wss/WS-SecurityPolicy.pdf Transactions for web services WS-Atomic Transactions ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/WS-AtomicTransaction.pdf WS-Security implementation for Apache Axis2 - Web services framework Apache Rampart Web Services Specifications Microsoft WCF (Indigo) Microsoft WCF A framework by Microsoft that implements most of the WS-* specifications Indigo Apache Kandula WS-AT implementation for Apache Axis1 and Axis2 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms951242.aspx A mechanism of attaching policies to the service description (i.e. WSDL) WS-Policy Attachment Popular opensource web service framework http://ws.apache.org/axis/ Apache_Axis WS-ReliableMessaging Policy http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-rx/wsrmp/200602/wsrmp-1.1-spec-cd-03.pdf QoS policy expression language for web service reliable messaging Web service security project in Apache Apache_WSS4J OWL Lite http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/webont/OWLFeatureSynopsisJan22003.htm http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/webont/OWLFeatureSynopsisJan22003.htm OWL DL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering graph based visualization Visualizing of knowledge in an ontology TGVizTab http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~ha/TGVizTab/ TGVizTab is a plugin for Progégé which allows visualizing ontologies using the TouchGraph library. RDF Gravity is a tool for visualising RDF/OWL Graphs/ ontologies. http://semweb.salzburgresearch.at/apps/rdf-gravity/index.html RDF Gravity http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semvis/OntoVista/ OntoVista OntoVista is an ontology visualization tool, with unique capabilities related to complex (representationally rich) biological and biochemical ontologies. OwlViz http://www.co-ode.org/downloads/owlviz/ Ontology Visualization http://www.mindswap.org/2004/SWOOP/ A Hypermedia-based Featherweight OWL Ontology Editor SWOOP http://www.thechiselgroup.org/jambalaya Jambalaya is a plug-in created for Protege which uses SHriMP to visualize the knowledge bases the user has created. Jambalaya OntoViz http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/ontoviz/ontoviz.html The OntoViz Tab allows you to visualize Protege ontologies with the help of highly sophisticated graph visualization software Scientific modelling Graph Drawing Information visualization are branches of computer graphics and user interface which are concerned with the presentation of interactive or animated digital images to users to understand data. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_visualization Information Visualization Cuadro Semantic Photo Sharing http://www.cs.uga.edu/~mendes/csci8350/cuadro/about.html Cuadro is a semantic photo sharing community. This means much more than just holding a digital image in a server and showing it on a web browser for users. Cuadro intuitive photo sharing system helps the user to describe the meaning of the photo contents, allowing for organizing and searching pictures based on the meaning of its contents, not only on the name the user gave it. Cuadro Semantic Web Services A expression of authorization criteria, for the purpose of Web service discovery, using a access control ontology. Web Services Discovery http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=xacml XACML OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language http://csrc.nist.gov/rbac/ HL2 Role Based Access Control HL7 Role Based Access Control HL7 Security Committee http://www.hl7.org/ Role Based Access Control RBAC http://csrc.nist.gov/rbac/ Authorization Prediction Semantic Access Control in Web Services Semantic Web Service Siene Siene - Semantic Web Services http://www.onderzoekinformatie.nl/en/oi/nod/onderzoek/OND1300315/ Web Service Semantics Semantic_Web_Services deals with enriching the current Web Services stack with semantic descriptions. Some of the applications of SWS include automated and semi-automated workflow composition, workflow adaptation and adaptive middleware systems. Web services SWS http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/downloads/index.php?page=1 The Radiant plugin provides a UI for annotating existing WSDL documents into WSDL-S via an OWL Ontology. Radiant WSDL-S Annotation Tool SAWSDL is an effort by the World Wide Web consortium towards adding semantics to service descriptions. The SAWSDL effort specifies various approaches to add semantics for WSDL descriptions. www.w3.org/2002/ws/sawsdl/ SAWSDL AKT http://www.aktors.org/akt/ Semantic Desktop Nepomuk Semantic Desktop framework Nepomuk gnowsis http://www.gnowsis.org/ This is the Semantic Desktop environment published by the Knowledge Management Lab of the DFKI. Gnowsis can be used in research projects or by interested individuals to benefit from Semantic Web technologies. AnswerBus Question Answering System AnswerBus http://www.answerbus.com/index.shtml AnswerBus is an open-domain question answering system based on sentence level information retrieval. It accepts users' natural-language questions in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese and extracts possible answers from the Web. Brainboost, Using the AnswerRank™ system, intelligently reads hundreds of web pages derived from search results and extracts just the short and concise answer to your question Brainboost Answer Engine http://www.brainboost.com/ Question answering (QA) is a type of information retrieval. Given a collection of documents (such as the World Wide Web or a local collection) the system should be able to retrieve answers to questions posed in natural language. QA is regarded as requiring more complex natural language processing (NLP) techniques than other types of information retrieval such as document retrieval, and it is sometimes regarded as the next step beyond search engines. Question Answering http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/9/Spire Spire is a distributed, interdisciplinary research project exploring the use of semantic web technologies in support science in general and the field of ecoinformatics in particular. Spire P2P A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies primarily on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively low number of servers Peer-to-peer Mobile Ad-hoc Networks The purpose of the MANET working group is to standardize IP routing protocol functionality suitable for wireless routing application within both static and dynamic topologies with increased dynamics due to node motion or other factors. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html MANET Process Configuration OMG Object Management Group http://www.omg.org/ GLYDE An XML-based data representation standard that faithfully captures essential structural details of a glycan moiety along with additional information (such as data provenance) to aid the interpretation and usage of glycan data, will facilitate the exchange of glycomics data across the scientific community. Glycan Data Exchange http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/library/resources/index.php?page=4 http://139.91.183.30:9090/RDF/RQL/ RQL is a typed RDF query language which supports generalized path expressions (GPEs) with variables on both labels for nodes (i.e., classes) and edges (i.e., properties). RQL relies on a formal graph model that captures the RDF modeling primitives and permits the interpretation of superimposed resource descriptions by means of one or more schemas RQL RDF Query Language In security, specifically physical security, the term access control refers to the practice of restricting entrance to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons Access Control Web Services Assessment Semantic Analytics is the use of relationships between entities in discovering complex assocaitions between entities. Semantic Analytics Semantic Association Discovery Similarity Similarity is some degree of symmetry in either analogy and resemblance between two or more concepts or objects. The notion of similarity rests either on exact or approximate repetitions of patterns in the compared items http://cell.ccrc.uga.edu/world/glycomics/glycomics.php Integrated Technology Resource for Biomedical Glycomics Backward chaining is a means of utilizing a set of condition-action rules. In backward chaining, we work back from possible conclusions of the system to the evidence, using the rules backwards. Thus backward chaining behaves in a goal-driven manner. backward chaining Information Extraction (IE) systems analyse unrestricted text in order to extract information about pre-specified types of events, entities or relationships. Automatic extraction web crawler crawlers A web crawler (also known as a Web spider or Web robot) is a program or automated script which browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner Ontology driven information extraction OntoSyphon turing.cs.washington.edu/papers/iswc2006McDowell-final.pdf Extraction Information extraction http://webml.org/webml/page1.do http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_modeling information systems http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_systems Web Modeling Language WebML http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/ Semantic Bioinformatics for Biomedical Glycomics XML Streaming contextual routing Application-Oriented Networking Cisco AON technology http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6692/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html http://incubator.apache.org/synapse/ The Synapse project will create a robust, lightweight implementation of a highly scalable and distributed service mediation framework based on Web services specifications. Apache Synapse SnoBase A framework for loading ontologies from files and via the Internet and for locally creating, modifying, querying, and storing ontologies. http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/snobase Ontology Engineering Cost Estimation with ONTOCOM ONTOCOM http://ontocom.ag-nbi.de/ Ontology development The process of building intelligent Knowledge-based systems is called knowledge engineering (KE). It has a great deal in common with software engineering, and is related to many other areas such as databases, data mining, expert systems, decision support systems and geographic information systems. Knowledge engineering is also related to the field of logic (reasoning) as the knowledge produced by the systems built often have content that is structured by our understanding of how human reasoning or logic works. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_engineering Ontology Engineering Protege is a free, open source ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Protege http://protege.stanford.edu/ The National Center for Biomedical Ontology is a consortium of leading biologists, clinicians, informaticians, and ontologists who develop innovative technology and methods that allow scientists to create, disseminate, and manage biomedical information and knowledge in machine-processable form. The Center’s resources include the Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) library, the Open Biomedical Data (OBD) repositories, and tools for accessing and using this biomedical information in research. NCBO www.bioontology.org Ontological Approach to Assessing Intelligence Analyst Need-to-Know Need To Know http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/Needtoknow/ Semantic Reasoning Reasoning Includes methods for determining if a set of premises propositionally entails a given conclusion REST REST is an emerging way of realizing SOA. Unlike the Web Services based SOA realization, the REST philosophy is to do away with additional application level protocols such as SOAP in SOA realization. Discovering REST Services Representational_State_Transfer REST services Service Revenue Models Spatial Web Services SWING aims at deploying Semantic Web Service (SWS) technology in the geospatial domain. In particular, we address two major obstacles that must be overcome for SWS technology to be generally adopted, i.e. to reduce the complexity of creating semantic descriptions and to increase the number of semantically described services. SWING http://www.swing-project.org/ geoservices Geo-spatial web services http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wfs The OpenGIS® Web Feature Service (WFS) Implementation Specification allows a client to retrieve and update geospatial data encoded in Geography Markup Language (GML) from multiple Web Feature Services. The specification defines interfaces for data access and manipulation operations on geographic features, using HTTP as the distributed computing platform. Via these interfaces, a Web user or service can combine, use and manage geodata -- the feature information behind a map image -- from different sources. OpenGis Web Feature Service Specification geospatial web services http://geobrain.laits.gmu.edu/ GEOBRAIN GeoBrain will mobilize NASA EOS data and information through Web service and knowledge management technologies for higher-education teaching and research. The technologies, based on geo-object and geo-tree concepts, will be implemented in a standards-compliant, open, distributed, three-tier web information system. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wcs The OpenGIS® Web Coverage Service (WCS) Implementation Specification extends the Web Map Server (WMS) interface to allow access to geospatial "coverages" (raster data sets) that represent values or properties of geographic locations, rather than WMS generated maps (pictures). OpenGis Web Coverage Service Specification Geospatial Semantic Annotation http://opengis.net/gml/ GML - the Geography Markup Language GML Geography Markup Language Spatial Information Semantics The DIP database catalogs experimentally determined interactions between proteins. It combines information from a variety of sources to create a single, consistent set of protein-protein interactions. Database of Interacting Proteins http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/ RuleML The Rule Markup Initiative has taken steps towards defining a shared Rule Markup Language (RuleML), permitting both forward (bottom-up) and backward (top-down) rules in XML for deduction, rewriting, and further inferential-transformational tasks. http://www.ruleml.org/ http://www.aktors.org/akt/ AKTiveRank Ontology Ranking World Wide Web http://www.w3.org/WWW/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STRIPS In artificial intelligence, STRIPS (Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver) is an automated planner invented by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing automated planning problem instances in use today Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver STRIPS Workflow composition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_chaining Forward Chaining Automated planning and scheduling is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realisation of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Resources http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/stamant/planning-resources.html AI Planning Allow the users to navigation the information space by progressively selecting desired facets of the information items. Faceted Navigation Browsing built on a faceted classification Ontology Learning Learning ontology engineering and population from external sources for eg. text corpus. related topics: ontology engineering, machine learning Is a Content aware or Application Oriented Network Application Oriented Networks Semantic Networks Is a Content aware or Application Oriented Network www.mygrid.org.uk MyGrid Web Services Modeling Semantic Brokering Process Simulation Suggested Upper Merged Ontology The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and its domain ontologies form the largest formal public ontology in existence today. They are being used for research and applications in search, linguistics and reasoning. http://ontology.teknowledge.com/ SUMO Heterogeneities between data that are syntactic in nature, for eg. weight in pounds vs. weight in kgs. Syntactic heterogeneity Syntactic conflicts GlycO http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/glyco/ The Glycomics Ontology GlycO focuses on the glycoproteomics domain to model the structure and functions of glycans and glycoconjugates, the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and modification, and the metabolic pathways in which they participate. compositional semantics In mathematics, semantics, and philosophy of language, the Principle of Compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them Semantic Conflicts Semantic heterogeneity Heterogeneities between data that are semantic in nature, for eg. when two entities are called the same thing but are different entities in reality. Pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a given pattern. Pattern Matching A naive Bayes classifier (also known as Idiot's Bayes) is a simple probabilistic classifier. Naive Bayes classifiers are based on probability models that incorporate strong independence assumptions which often have no bearing in reality, hence are (deliberately) naive. Naive Bayes Classifier http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_engineering Knowledge engineering Policy Based Access Control Client Side Semantics e-learning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning Word Net http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ WordNet® is an online lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current psycholinguistic theories of human lexical memory. Uncertainty in Semantic Web Autonomic Computing This new paradigm shifts the fundamental definition of the technology age from one of computing, to one defined by data. Access to data from multiple, distributed sources, in addition to traditional centralized storage devices will allow users to transparently access information when and where they need it. At the same time, this new view of computing will necessitate changing the industry's focus on processing speed and storage to one of developing distributed networks that are largely self-managing, self-diagnostic, and transparent to the user. http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/overview/solution.html Autonomic web processes AWPs are self aware, self configur-ing, self optimizing and self healing processes that interact with the environment based on user specified policies. Service Value Chains KAON http://kaon.semanticweb.org/ KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It includes a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology creation and management and provides a framework for building ontology-based applications. An important focus of KAON is scalable and efficient reasoning with ontologies. Policy Management for Enterprise Applications http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/72/Policy-Management-for-Enterprise-Applications This project explores the role of policy management in enterprise applications Web Service Policy http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/ SWRL Semantic Web Rule Language Human Genome Project Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml Resource Description Framework http://www.w3.org/RDF/ RDF RDF is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web. Semantic Web Languages Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. Research in computational biology often overlaps with systems biology. (source: Wikipedia) genome assembly Computational Biology gene finding protein structure alignment Computational Systems Biology sequence alignment prediction of gene expression Bioinformatics protein-protein interactions protein structure prediction DKFZ http://www.dkfz.de/spec/glycosciences.de/dfg/index.php Glyco-related Databases and Development of Bioinformatic tools for Glycobiology and Glycomics. Web Services Security TF IDF The tf–idf weight (term frequency–inverse document frequency) is a weight often used in information retrieval and text mining. This weight is a statistical measure used to evaluate how important a word is to a document. tf-idf Ontological Approach to Assessing Intelligence Analyst Need-to-Know Insider Threat skr.nlm.nih.gov The Semantic Knowledge Representation (SKR) project at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) develops programs that extract usable semantic information from biomedical text by building on resources currently available at NLM. Semantic_Knowledge_Representation SKR Sesame RDF Query Language SeRQL ("Sesame RDF Query Language", pronounced "circle") is a an RDF/RDFS query language that is currently being developed by Aduna as part of Sesame that combines the best features of other query languages such as RQL while adding its own features. http://www.openrdf.org/doc/sesame/users/ch06.html SERQL OWL Full http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/webont/OWLFeatureSynopsisJan22003.htm http://user-experience.org/uefiles/facetedbrowse/ Faceted browsing BioMoby www.biomoby.org Heterogeneities between data that are structural in nature, for eg. one address object has two line values while another address object has only one line element. Structural conflicts Structural Heterogeneity TeraGrid is an open scientific discovery infrastructure combining leadership class resources at nine partner sites to create an integrated, persistent computational resource.Using high-performance network connections, the TeraGrid integrates high-performance computers, data resources and tools, and high-end experimental facilities around the country. www.teragrid.org Teragrid Query Languages Query Language SW Mining ReMBRANDTS REmBRANDTS is a system that uses domain knowledge in the form of ontologies to supports -Document Retrieval methods that go beyond the traditional search-and-sift paradigm -Content-based customization of browsing -Analytical queries that support hypothesis validation operations -Connect-the-dots style knowledge discovery operators over text http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/semdis/relationExt/ The process of augmenting existing Web Mining techniques with Semantics in the form of Domain Ontologies. The process of mining unstructured data to extract and create semantic metadata whereing entities are related to each other by named relationships Semantic Web Mining Datalog is a query and rule language for deductive databases that syntactically is a subset of Prolog Datalog Mash Ups Mashups are hybrid web applications that integrate various current applications either in full or in part using technologies such as AJAX, CSS and DHTML. Mashups are one of the various implementations of the REST architecture pattern. SMash Ups A web application that brings together two or more currently existing web applications and has value add not only through the combination of these applications but through the adding of semantics. A technique in natural language processing, in particular in vectorial semantics Latent Semantic Indexing LSI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine Support vector machines (SVMs) are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Their common factor is the use of a technique known as the "kernel trick" to apply linear classification techniques to non-linear classification problems. Support vector machines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(computer_science) In both computer science and information science, an ontology is a data model that represents a domain and is used to reason about the objects in that domain and the relations between them Domain modeling Domain Ontology Ontology Ontologies Process Verification Semantic Metadata The application of Semantic Web techniques in life sciences. It includes the ontology development to model specific domains and use of SOA approach (using Semantic Web services) for application development. http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/index.cfm National Centers for Biomedical Computing Semantic Web enabled Bioinformatics Semantic bioinformatics Semantic technologies, driven by the use of formal domain models (ontologies), applied to data integration, information retrieval, data mining ultimately leading to knowledge discovery. genome, proteome and glycome research Bioinformatics At Stanford Medical Informatics http://bioontology.org/index.html National Center for BioMedical Ontology http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/index.php?page=6 A Semantic Reasoning Engine For WS-Agreements SWAPS Knowledge Services ontology language modular ontology language ontology languages Ontology Language A specific definition of a language to encode or represent ontologies Semantic Services Science Service modelling Services Computing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Ranking Semantic Associations Operational Semantics Operational semantics is a way to give meaning to computer programs in a mathematically rigorous way Associating metadata (semantic or syntactic) with images to assist in a more intuitive sharing of images Image Annotation Scientific_Workflow Significant scientific advances today are achieved through complex distributed scientific computations. These computations, often represented as workflows of executable jobs and their associated data flow, may be composed of thousands of steps that integrate diverse models and data sources. (source: NSF Scientific Workshop) Scientific computing pipeline MetaObject Facility http://www.omg.org/mof/ MOF PSPACE complete PSPACE-complete In complexity theory, PSPACE-complete is a complexity class. A decision problem is in PSPACE-complete if it is in PSPACE, and every problem in PSPACE can be reduced to it in polynomial time http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSPACE-complete Description logics Description Logics are considered the most important knowledge representation formalism unifying and giving a logical basis to the well known traditions of Frame-based systems, Semantic Networks and KL-ONE-like languages, Object-Oriented representations, Semantic data models, and Type systems. Description logic http://dl.kr.org/ Graph Mining Graph mining is a special case of Structured Data Mining. mining structured data http://www.semanticwebcenter.org.uk/ Transatlantic Research Center for the Semantic Web and XML Technologies TC4SW Extends static information web service composition procedures Composition of web services using dynamic information to enhance process decision making. Adaptive Web Processes Composition Web Service Agreement Document classification is a problem in information science. The task is to assign an electronic document to one or more categories, based on its contents. Document Classification semantic relationship semantic associations Simple and complex named relationships between entities semantic relationships Service Level Agreements